Abstract
With the growing interest in daily activity monitoring, several insole designs have been developed to identify postures, detect activities, and count steps. However, the validity of these devices is not clearly established. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the available information on the criterion validity of instrumented insoles in detecting postures activities and steps. The literature search through six databases led to 33 articles that met inclusion criteria. These studies evaluated 17 different insole models and involved 290 participants from 16 to 75 years old. Criterion validity was assessed using six statistical indicators. For posture and activity recognition, accuracy varied from 75.0% to 100%, precision from 65.8% to 100%, specificity from 98.1% to 100%, sensitivity from 73.0% to 100%, and identification rate from 66.2% to 100%. For step counting, accuracies were very high (94.8% to 100%). Across studies, different postures and activities were assessed using different criterion validity indicators, leading to heterogeneous results. Instrumented insoles appeared to be highly accurate for steps counting. However, measurement properties were variable for posture and activity recognition. These findings call for a standardized methodology to investigate the measurement properties of such devices.
Highlights
There is growing evidence regarding the role of regular physical activity in the improvement and preservation of functional autonomy and in the prevention of many diseases and disorders [1,2,3,4,5].For example, it has been shown that regular practice of physical activity contributes in preventing recurrent stroke [1,5], obesity [1,4], cardiovascular diseases [1,2,3], and cancer [1]
Free and indexed search terms were used following four steps as follows: (#1) measurement system, (#2) measurement properties and (#3) outcomes
We considered for inclusion only studies assessing the psychometric properties of instrumented insoles to quantify step counting and to detect posture and activity recognition
Summary
There is growing evidence regarding the role of regular physical activity in the improvement and preservation of functional autonomy and in the prevention of many diseases and disorders [1,2,3,4,5].For example, it has been shown that regular practice of physical activity contributes in preventing recurrent stroke [1,5], obesity [1,4], cardiovascular diseases [1,2,3], and cancer [1]. Physical activity may be evaluated using subjective and objective methods [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Subjective methods such as questionnaires [7,8] and individual diaries [15] are relatively inexpensive and are the more feasible method in large population-based studies.
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