Validity of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide, Growth Differentiation Factor 15, and High-Sensitivity Troponin I Levels in Ischemic Heart Failure

Abstract

The goal in treating patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is shifting to preventing early brain injury. Intracranial pressure must be controlled to manage such an injury. We retrospectively analyzed the impact of aggressive removal of cisternal subarachnoid clots with simultaneous aneurysm repair for all grades of SAH.Our study included 260 consecutive patients with SAH treated through aggressive subarachnoid clot removal with simultaneous aneurysm repair. Baseline patient characteristics, history, radiographic findings, and time of SAH onset to arrival in the operating room were retrospectively collected. Factors related to poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2) were analyzed.Multivariate analysis revealed several characteristics were significantly associated with poor outcome: advanced age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–01.10); time of SAH onset to operating room per 1-hour increments (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–01.05; postoperative hematoma volume (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–01.06); and poorer World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.63–02.92). According to a receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cut-off time of SAH onset to operating room was 6.0 hours (area under the curve 0.61, P = 0.01, 95% CI 0.52–0.69, sensitivity = 0.79, specificity = 0.43) as the threshold between modified Rankin Scale scores of 0–2 and 3–6.Prognostic factors of SAH in patients undergoing emergent aneurysm repair with simultaneous removal of a cisternal subarachnoid clot are advanced age, poorer World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade, postoperative hematoma volume, and a longer time from SAH onset to operating room. The clinical outcome may improve with emergent reduction of intracranial pressure through removal of the subarachnoid clot as soon as possible.