Abstract
We assessed the validity of a recently developed dish composition database (DCD) against urinary biomarkers compared with a standard food composition database (FCD). Intakes of protein, Na and K were estimated by 2 × 24 h urine collections and by 4 d dietary record data based on the DCD (including 128 dishes) or FCD (including 1878 foods). Japan. A total of 161 men and 163 women aged 20-69 years. Compared with the 24 h urine-based estimates, the median intakes estimated using the DCD and FCD differed significantly for protein and Na in men and for Na and K in women. Deattenuated Spearman correlation coefficients using 24 h urine-based estimates for the intakes of protein, Na and K were lower in the DCD (respectively: 0·26, 0·15 and 0·44 in men; 0·22, 0·27 and 0·22 in women) than those in the FCD (respectively: 0·43, 0·40 and 0·59 in men; 0·33, 0·45 and 0·42 in women). When data on dish portion size reported by participants were used for estimation instead of standard portion-size data based on the DCD, the accuracy of the estimated median intakes did not change notably, whereas the deattenuated correlation coefficients improved (for protein, Na and K respectively: 0·32, 0·31 and 0·56 in men; 0·31, 0·41 and 0·39 in women). The DCD supported by individual-level information on dish portion size showed fair to moderate validity in ranking individuals according to their intakes of protein, Na and K, similar to the FCD.
Highlights
Significant differences were observed between urine collections (UC) and the food composition database (FCD) and between UC and the dish composition database (DCD) in men, and between UC and the DCD with reported portion size (PS) in women
For K, significant differences were observed between UC and the DCD with reported PS in men, and between UC and respective values estimated using the FCD, DCD and DCD with reported PS in women
We assessed the validity of a recently developed DCD against urinary biomarkers compared with the standard FCD
Summary
Data source and basic characteristics The current cross-sectional study was based on data from a nationwide dietary survey conducted in twenty study areas consisting of twenty-three prefectures in Japan between February and March 2013. Details of the survey have been published elsewhere[35,36]. Each study area included approximately four apparently healthy individuals (two men and two women) from each of five 10-year age groups (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59 and 60–69 years). 196 men and 196 women aged 20–69 years completed both a four-non-consecutiveday weighed DR and two 24 h urine collections (UC). Body weight (nearest 0·1 kg) and height (nearest 0·1 cm) were measured in light clothes and without shoes following standardized procedures. BMI was calculated as body weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of body height (in metres). The measurement schedule was arranged such that all measurements were completed within 10–14 d, with a mean of 9 d
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