Validity and reliability of the sleep health index among patients with spinal degenerative diseases

Abstract

ObjectiveTo test the validity and reliability of the Sleep Health Index (SHI) in a Chinese clinical sample, and thereby provide more evidence for the assessment of sleep health in future research and clinical practice. MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional design. A convenient sample of 265 participants with spinal degenerative diseases was recruited from outpatient clinics. The SHI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) were administered via REDCap. Structural, concurrent, convergent, known-group validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis confirmed a 3-factor structure (sleep duration, sleep quality, and disordered sleep). The overall SHI score had a high correlation with PSQI and ISI (r = -0.62 and -0.70, respectively) as well as a moderate correlation with PHQ-9 (r = -0.50, p<0.001). The overall SHI was significantly associated with VAS, ESS, and EQ-5D-5L (r = -0.15 to -0.23, p<0.05). Participants with pain had a lower score on the sleep quality sub-index than those without (p<0.001). Those with chronic diseases had a significantly lower score on the sleep duration sub-index than those without (p<0.05). Those with depression, poor sleep quality, and insomnia had lower scores on the overall scale and the three sub-indices than those without (p<0.05). The overall SHI showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.74) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.73). ConclusionsThe Chinese version of SHI showed good validity and acceptable reliability and could be used to assess sleep health among clinical populations.