Abstract
Cycling test such Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) is used to measure anaerobic power (AP), but not anaerobic capacity (AC, i.e., the metabolic energy demand). However, in sports that do not involve cycling movements (Karate), the continuous jump for 30 s (vertical jumps for 30 s) has been extensively used to measure anaerobic performance in all young athletes. Limited information’s are available concerning its validity and reliability especially in children. As such, the current study aimed to test validity and reliability of a continuous jumps test (the CJ30s), using WAnT as a reference. Thirteen female Karate kids (age: 11.07 ± 1.32 years; mass: 41.76 ± 15.32 kg; height: 152 ± 11.52 cm; training experience: 4.38 ± 2.14 years) were tested on three separate sessions. The first and second sessions were used to assess the reliability using Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of CJ30s, whereas on the third session WAnT was administered. Following CJ30s and WAnT, we assessed AP (1/CJ30s, as jump height [JH], fatigue index [FI], and blood lactate [BL]; 2/WAnT, as mechanical power [P], FI, and BL) and AC as the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Large/highly significant correlations were found between CJ30s and WAnT EPOCs (r = 0.730, P = 0.003), and BLs (r = 0.713, P = 0.009). Moderate/significant correlations were found between CJ30s and WAnT FIs (r = 0.640, P = 0.014), CJ30s first four jumps mean JH and WAnT peak P (r = 0.572, P = 0.032), and CJ30s mean JH and WAnT mean P (r = 0.589, P = 0.021). CJ30s showed excellent and moderate reliability (ICC) for AP (maximal JH 0.884, mean JH 0.742, FI 0.657, BL 0.653) and AC (EPOC 0.788), respectively. Correlations observed especially in terms of AC between CJ30s and WAnT provide evidence that former may adequately assess anaerobic performance for the young combat athlete. CJ30 is a reliable test and allow an easy assessment of AP and AC in karate children.
Highlights
The anaerobic capacity (AC) is defined as the maximal amount of energy that can be generated over a given period of time using anaerobic sources of energy
The analysis showed that normal distribution can be accepted for both the variables continuous jump test performed over 30 s (CJ30s) (W = 0.952, P = 0.594) and Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) (W = 0.978, P = 0.964)
These results demonstrated that both mechanical variables as well as anaerobic capacities were reliable
Summary
The anaerobic capacity (AC) is defined as the maximal amount of energy that can be generated over a given period of time using anaerobic sources of energy (i.e., phosphagen and glycolytic energy pathways). Jumping Tests in Karate Sport to repeat high intensity bouts of activity with minimal rest period such in combat sports (Mendez-Villanueva et al, 2012) In these contact sports, high fitness level requires complex skills and tactical excellence for success (Ghrairi et al, 2014), one very important component to success is to perform powerful and fast blows, which depend significantly of AP and AC (Heller et al, 1998; Hubner-Wozniak et al, 2011). Martial arts (e.g., karate, taekwondo, kickboxing) have specific psychophysiological demands (Alesi et al, 2014; Padulo et al, 2014a) and require well-developed muscle power in both the upper and lower limbs (Tabben et al, 2013) These sport characteristics demonstrate the importance of anaerobic fitness development via AP and AC to achieve high fitness level. Procedures of WAnT evaluate the mechanical outcomes (i.e., mechanical power, jumping performance) representing an estimation of anaerobic power instead of measurements of metabolic variables that represents the anaerobic capacity (Minahan et al, 2007)
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