Abstract
BackgroundGood quality measures of Japanese adults’ sedentary behaviors are needed to accurately assess correlates of specific sedentary behaviors. The present study assessed criterion validity of total sedentary behavior and test-retest reliability of six domain-specific sedentary behaviors.MethodsWe administered a questionnaire, based on previous studies, that measured domain-specific sedentary behaviors. To examine validity, agreement between self-reported time spent in sedentary behaviors from the questionnaire and objectively-measured sedentary time using accelerometers was compared among 392 adults (aged 40–64 years) in two Japanese cities. For reliability, a 2-week interval test-retest was administered to a convenience sample of 34 participants.ResultsThe correlation between total self-reported and objectively measured sedentary time was significant (all P < 0.001) and fair-to-good for workdays (ρ = 0.57) and whole week (ρ = 0.49), but was low for non-workdays (ρ = 0.23). The difference between the two measures was significant for whole week ( = −2.25, P = 0.03) and non-workdays ( = −5.50, P < 0.001), but was not significant for workdays ( = −0.60, P = 0.55). There was a significant positive association between the difference in the two measures and the average of these two measures (workdays: r = 0.53; non-workdays: r = 0.45; and whole week: r = 0.54, all P < 0.001). There was fair-to-good test-retest reliability of total sedentary time for each domain (workdays: interclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.77, non-workdays: ICC = 0.53, and whole week: ICC = 0.7; all P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe scale of domain-specific sedentary behaviors is reliable for estimating where and for what purpose Japanese adults spend their sedentary time, and total sedentary time is valid for workdays and the whole week.
Highlights
Recent studies have reported that time spent in sedentary behaviors, such as leisure-time sitting and sitting at work, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease,[1] after controlling for physical activity levels.[2]
Data from 392 adults involved in the assessment of validity and 34 adults involved in the assessment of reliability, who fully completed both the questionnaire and the accelerometer measurement, were included in the analysis
The findings suggested that the present scale had acceptable validity when compared to objectively measured sedentary time; validity was poor, as suggested by the slightly wide limits of agreement in ranking participants in terms of sedentary behavior in comparison to the limits reported in previous studies, as it underestimated the actual duration of sedentary behavior
Summary
Recent studies have reported that time spent in sedentary behaviors, such as leisure-time sitting and sitting at work, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease,[1] after controlling for physical activity levels.[2]. In order to conduct high-quality epidemiological and behavioral studies and to monitor population prevalence and variations, it is important to identify sedentary time accurately. Studies have been increasingly using device-based measures, such as accelerometry, to assess sedentary time. Such objective measures do not provide domainspecific information about the setting (where) and purpose (what) of the behavior. It is not always feasible to collect objective measures in large-scale surveillance or time-sensitive examinations, as these can induce strain in participants and can result in cost-based and logistic difficulties related to device use. Good quality measures of Japanese adults’ sedentary behaviors are needed to accurately assess correlates of specific sedentary behaviors. The present study assessed criterion validity of total sedentary behavior and test-retest reliability of six domain-specific sedentary behaviors
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