Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the ConCom Safety Management Scale (K-CCSMS). This study consisted of two phases. First, in accordance with the guidelines of the World Health Organization, the Korean version of the scale was developed in five stages. Second, data from 206 general and tertiary hospital nurses were analyzed to confirm the validity and reliability of the K-CCSMS; thus, the construct validity, criterion-related validity, and reliability were confirmed. In total, 21 items divided across four factors (i.e., stressing the importance of safety rules and monitoring, providing employees with feedback, showing role modeling behavior, and creating safety awareness) were identified through exploratory factor analysis. Three items were deleted through confirmatory factor analysis, and the model fit was as follows: normed χ2 = 2.80, normed fit index = 0.87, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.90, comparative fit index = 0.92, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.05. The correlation coefficient between the K-CCSMS and patient safety culture was 0.76 (p < 0.001), and internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s α = 0.95). For patient safety, an appropriate combination of control- and commitment-based management is required, and the 18-item K-CCSMS showed usefulness and reliability in determining such a balance and evaluating the leadership styles of Korean nursing managers.
Highlights
Nurses play a pivotal role in patient safety and are instrumental in the early discovery of errors and harm prevention [1]
Nurse managers develop and provide patient safety guidelines [3], stress the importance of patient safety such that all nurses in the organization can participate, serve as role models, and encourage participation in activities related to patient safety management [4]
The forward translation was performed by two nursing Ph.D. holders with English fluency and a clinical career of at least 15 years, and the translations were compared to develop the Korean translation
Summary
Nurses play a pivotal role in patient safety and are instrumental in the early discovery of errors and harm prevention [1]. Safety leadership in nurses is considered an important factor in improving and ensuring patient safety in hospitals [2]. Nurse managers’ leadership is crucial, as it fosters a patient-safety-promoting environment in the ward and facilitates improvement activities. Organizations must promote various leadership behaviors among managers and implement management measures to meet patient safety goals [5]. Control-based management is a typical top-down approach that focuses on regulating, supervising, and controlling the behaviors of the members of an organization [7]. Commitment-based management increases awareness of the mission, vision, and objectives of the organization and facilitates the internalization of patient safety regulations and values among members [7]
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