Validez y confiabilidad de la versión en español del instrumento "Escala de medición del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación" de Callista Roy

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine, by means of a methodological research, the face validity as well as the rehability level (internal consistency reliability and stability) of the Spanish version instrument of the Coping Adaptation Processing Scale of Callista Roy (ESCAPS, for its Spanish name), in order to evaluate its behavior and domain. The scale was designed by Callista Roy in the year 2004 (1) for identifying, coping and adapting strategies used by an individual to to cope with difficult or critical events. It consists of 47 items set into 5 groups on a four-point Likert scale. In order to establish face validity, two methods were used; the first one was a panel of experts who assessed the instrument based on three score criteria: clarity, accuracy and comprehension. They found that the instrument achieved these criteria in 96%, that is to say, in 45 out of 47 items. The second method was done by five study subjects who assessed the instrument as a whole for determining its comprehension. Thus, it was established that the instrument seems to have face validity. To establish the instrument's rehability level, it was applied to a 417 people sampling randomly chosen, who were older than 50 years, with untouched mental function, coming from the municipality of Chia and the city of Bogota, between August 2005 and March 2006. Confidence level was evaluated through internal consistency with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.88, stability was assessed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r = 0.94) for the whole instrument and a probabilistic ANOV A value statistically non significant (p = NS), which confirms the stability of the scores obtained through time.