Validation study of systems for noninvasive diagnosis of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Latin population

Abstract

Background. The incidence of liver cirrhosis is significantly high in Latin population. The high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD is likely partially responsible for these figures. Liver biopsy is not a practical diagnostic option in this scenario. The validation of noninvasive markers of fibrosis is important in populations with a high prevalence of NAFLD.Aim. To compare the diagnostic value of noninvasive assessment systems to detect fibrosis in a cohort of Latin patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.Material and methods. Patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were included. Noninvasive evaluations included calculations of NAFLD fibrosis, FIB–4, BARD scores, APRI, and AST/ALT ratio. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were calculated.Results. A total of 228 patients (mean age, 48.6 ± 12.7 years) were included. Fifty-one percent were women; 48% were overweight and 23% were obese. The severity of fibrosis was classified as G0, 56.6%; G1, 25%; G2, 6.6%; G3, 7%; and G4, 4.8%. The AUROC values for advanced fibrosis were 0.72 for the NAFLD fibrosis score, 0.74 for FIB–4 score, 0.67 for AST/ALT ratio, 0.66 for APRI score, and 0.65 for BARD score. In 54% of patients with undetermined FIB–4 score and in 60% of patients with undetermined NAFLD fibrosis score, fibrosis was observed in the liver biopsy.Conclusions. The NAFLD fibrosis, FIB–4, and APRI scores can be used for the noninvasive diagnosis of fibrosis. However, 25% of patients evaluated by these methods have an indeterminate degree of fibrosis.