Abstract
Background: There is significant amount of research done on Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). One research technique is immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using whole sections. With little availability of OSCC tissues high throughput analysis such as Tissue Microarray (TMA) are capable of efficient analysis of small samples. However, the results become questionable if the tumor exhibits high degree of heterogeneity as TMA cores might not accurately represent the whole section. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the optimal number of TMA cores required to provide an accurate representation of the whole section with IHC analysis in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Twenty tissue samples stained with anti-p53 antibody were scanned at 40x magnification. Three to six virtual cores of size 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm were drawn on the scanned slides. H-scores were obtained for both whole sections and cores using NuclearQuant (3DHistech, Budapest, Hungary) software after eliminating non-tumour cells and artifacts manually. The correspondence between the cores and whole sections were calculated using intra-class correlation and one sample t-test. Results: Good correlation was obtained with just a single core of 0.6mm (0.826). Subsequent increase in core number and size resulted in improved correlation coefficient and smaller confidence interval. Conclusion: Three TMA cores of 0.6 mm would be the most optimal, as not only was there very strong correlation with the whole tissue section, the extra core will also be able to act as confirmation if the results of the first 2 cores are in doubt.
Highlights
Oral cancer (OC) is the 6th most common cancers in the world [1]
The Indian population is most susceptible to OC and it ranks as the 4th most common cancer among Indian females and 8th most common among Indian males [2]
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for over 90% of OC cases
Summary
Oral cancer (OC) is the 6th most common cancers in the world [1]. In Malaysia, the National Cancer Registry Report 2007 reported that OC ranked 16th and 17th most common cancer among females and males in Peninsular Malaysia. One of the most widely used research method is immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of the cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry refers to the process of detecting antigens in cells by using antibodies that bind to the intended antigen [3]. This principle has been known since the 1930s but it was not until 1942 that the first IHC study was reported. There is significant amount of research done on Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the optimal number of TMA cores required to provide an accurate representation of the whole section with IHC analysis in OSCC. Conclusion: Three TMA cores of 0.6 mm would be the most optimal, as was there very strong correlation with the whole tissue section, the extra core will be able to act as confirmation if the results of the first 2 cores are in doubt
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