Validation of the Teachers AI-TPACK Scale for the Indian Educational Setting

Abstract

Educators work in extremely dynamic and complex classroom environments where they must continuously alter and update their understanding. Specifically, possession of rich, organised, and integrated knowledge from various domains including knowledge on subject-matter, knowledge of students' thinking and learning, and, increasingly, knowledge of technology is essential. By integrating these three aspects, Mishra and Koehler developed the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework in 2006 which offers a thorough and comprehensive method for incorporating technology into the education setting. On the parallel, use of information technology has rapidly increased in the field of education, especially with the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Thus, the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework needed to be updated to reflect the growing incorporation of AI into educational standards. Hence, investigator Ning and colleagues in the year 2024 built a framework for incorporating AI into TPACK and developed a robust scale titled Teachers AI-TPACK Scale that measures the teachers competencies in incorporating AI into their teaching environment. The objective of this work was to test the validity of the scale in the Indian educational setting. With a sample size of 660 teaching faculties in universities and colleges across India, this study followed the routine stages such as construct validity analysis in the form of Exploratory Factor Analysis using SPSS V27, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis in AMOS software. The original scale with 39 items across seven dimensions were retained throughout the validation process and resulted in a high reliability score of 0.907. This provides compelling evidence for the validity and reliability of the teachers AI-TPACK scale in measuring Indian educators' knowledge and skills at the juncture of AI with pedagogy, technology and content. This is currently the only scale available to measure this construct in India.