Abstract
The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) is one of the most broadly used self-report tools that assess the general role of sociocultural influences on body image and appearance-related internalization. The present study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Lithuanian version of the SATAQ-4 (LT-SATAQ-4), as a screening self-report instrument for assessing the role of sociocultural influences on body image. A mixed-gender sample (N = 1850) of undergraduate students (88.7%) and graduate students (11.3%) from different state universities and colleges participated in this study (average age 21.6 ±5.0). The students completed a self-report online questionnaire. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for assessing test-retest reliability. The construct validity of the Lithuanian Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (LT-SATAQ-4) was studied performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The mean scores for the LT-SATAQ-4 subscales ranged from 1.6 ± 0.9 (Pressure subscale: Peers) to 2.7 ± 1.2 (Internalization subscale: Thin/Low Body Fat). Test-retest reliability was good to excellent for the general and subscale scores (0.85–1.00) except for the Pressure subscale: Peers (0.60). The original 5-factor structure was confirmed by EFA and CFA. Good to excellent internal consistency for each subscale (attempted 0.9 and more) and for the LT-SATAQ-4 global scale (0.91) was obtained. The LT-SATAQ-4 scores had adequate concurrent validity with the measures of the body image, disordered eating, self-esteem, and body mass index. The results support the psychometric properties of the LT-SATAQ-4 and its’ use in Lithuanian student samples. The Lithuanian SATAQ-4 is a useful measure to examine the pressures to internalize appearance ideals in Lithuanian-speaking samples of young individuals.
Highlights
Eating pathology and body image concerns are major health problems in youth [1]
The mean scores for the LT-Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4) subscales ranged from 1.6 ± 0.9 (Pressure subscale: Peers) to 2.7 ± 1.2 (Internalization subscale: Thin/Low Body Fat)
The results support the psychometric properties of the LT-SATAQ-4 and its’ use in Lithuanian student samples
Summary
Eating pathology and body image concerns are major health problems in youth [1]. A plethora of studies were implemented trying to understand the factors involved in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs) and body image concerns [2,3,4,5]. Unrealistic beauty ideals are highly valued and are unattainable for the majority of young men and women. Some of them evaluate themselves as failing to meet social expectations and develop body image concerns related to lower self-esteem, depression, health-compromising eating and exercise behavior [1]. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 932; doi:10.3390/ijerph17030932 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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