Validation of the Indonesian translated Zoom Exhaustion and Fatigue (ZEF-I) scale: a RASCH Model and Factor Analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background The Coronavirus Disease pandemic has led to exponentially greater screen time and technology utilization. The Zoom Exhaustion and Fatigue (ZEF) scale is a diagnostic measure developed to identify zoom fatigue arising from excessive screen time. The language barrier, however, has prevented its implementation in Indonesia. This paper thus investigated the validity and reliability of a Bahasa Indonesia diagnostic instrument, ZEF-I. Methods This study generated a ZEF-I translation through the World Health Organization (WHO)-Euro-Reves technique. RASCH and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the scale based on data from 300 participants were undertaken. The reliability and validity of the ZEF-I were specifically assessed with the separation index, Cronbach’s alpha, content validation index as well as Pearson and corrected-item correlations. Results The model showed adequate reliability and validity of the ZEF-I as well as favorable goodness-of-fit indexes and fit indices. The fit-misfit statistics also preserved all 15 items on the translated instrument. Among fatigued students, the blurred vision item was the most frequently endorsed, while the need for self-time was the least endorsed item. Conclusion This study developed and validated an Indonesian translation of the zoom fatigue questionnaire. ZEF-I is an appropriate zoom fatigue assessment instrument for Indonesian university students.