Abstract
BackgroundMultiple psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine have been described. However, there is a lack of global conceptualization. We argue that the stressful aspects of the situation, the multiple environmental consequences of the outbreak, and the diversity of symptoms observed in such a situation, suggest that Adjustment disorder (AD) is a promising way to conceptualize the psychological consequences of the outbreak and quarantine. The first aim of the study was to validate the French version of the ADNM. The second aim was to set out adjustment difficulties resulting from COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine.MethodWe recruited 1010 (840 women, 170 men) who consented online to participate. They filled out the French ADNM, visual analogic scales, HADS, IES, and the COPE, to evaluate coping strategies.ResultsWe confirmed the factor structure of the ADNM and we found good psychometric properties. We found that 61.3% of participants presented an adjustment disorder related to COVID-19 outbreak. We found multiple risk factors and protective factors to AD due to quarantine and outbreak. We also identified the coping strategies negatively and positively associated with AD.ConclusionAdjustment disorder is a relevant concept to understand psychological manifestations caused by quarantine and outbreak. The French ANDM has good psychometric properties to evaluate such manifestations. The association between coping strategies and AD symptoms suggest that CBT may be the best intervention to help people suffering from AD.
Highlights
The 21st January 2020, the World Health Organization published its first report relating the existence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
We found that 61.3% of participants presented an adjustment disorder related to COVID-19 outbreak
We found multiple risk fac‐ tors and protective factors to Adjustment disorder (AD) due to quarantine and outbreak
Summary
The 21st January 2020, the World Health Organization published its first report relating the existence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A recent meta-analysis including the studies performed during the past disease outbreaks, underlined that quarantine during an outbreak is associated with the development of new symptoms of anxiety, depression, and Vancappel et al BMC Psychology (2021) 9:180 post-traumatic stress [3]. Different studies explored the impact of the outbreak and quarantine on the general population for the COVID-19 outbreak. Studies carried out in China reported depressive and post-traumatic symptoms among students [4]. They set out 35% of moderate to severe stress [5], anxiety, depression and post-traumatic symptoms [6] among the general population. A meta-analysis including 13 studies set out anxiety, anger, stress, post-traumatic, and loneliness symptoms [10]. The second aim was to set out adjustment difficulties resulting from COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine
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