Abstract
BackgroundAs the first objective of caring for patients is to do no harm, patient safety is a priority in delivering clinical care. An essential component of safe care in a clinical department is its safety climate. Safety climate correlates with safety-specific behaviour, injury rates, and accidents. Safety climate in healthcare can be assessed by the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), which provides insight by scoring six dimensions: Teamwork Climate, Job Satisfaction, Safety Climate, Stress Recognition, Working Conditions and Perceptions of Management.The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Dutch language version of the SAQ in a variety of clinical departments in Dutch hospitals.MethodsThe Dutch version (SAQ-NL) of the SAQ was back translated, and analyzed for semantic characteristics and content. From October 2010 to November 2015 SAQ-NL surveys were carried out in 17 departments in two university and seven large non-university teaching hospitals in the Netherlands, prior to a Crew Resource Management human factors intervention. Statistical analyses were used to examine response patterns, mean scores, correlations, internal consistency reliability and model fit. Cronbach’s α’s and inter-item correlations were calculated to examine internal consistency reliability.ResultsOne thousand three hundred fourteen completed questionnaires were returned from 2113 administered to health care workers, resulting in a response rate of 62 %. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed the 6-factor structure fit the data adequately. Response patterns were similar for professional positions, departments, physicians and nurses, and university and non-university teaching hospitals. The SAQ-NL showed strong internal consistency (α = .87). Exploratory analysis revealed differences in scores on the SAQ dimensions when comparing different professional positions, when comparing physicians to nurses and when comparing university to non-university hospitals.ConclusionsThe SAQ-NL demonstrated good psychometric properties and is therefore a useful instrument to measure patient safety climate in Dutch clinical work settings. As removal of one item resulted in an increased reliability of the Working Conditions dimension, revision or deletion of this item should be considered. The results from this study provide researchers and practitioners with insight into safety climate in a variety of departments and functional positions in Dutch hospitals.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1648-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
As the first objective of caring for patients is to do no harm, patient safety is a priority in delivering clinical care
Patient safety is regarded by the National Patient Safety Foundation as the avoidance, prevention, and amelioration of adverse events or injuries stemming from the processes of healthcare [2]
The aim of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Dutch language version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) (SAQ-NL) and provide insight into safety climate in a variety of departments and functional positions in Dutch hospitals
Summary
As the first objective of caring for patients is to do no harm, patient safety is a priority in delivering clinical care. An essential component of safe care in a clinical department is its safety climate. Safety climate in healthcare can be assessed by the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), which provides insight by scoring six dimensions: Teamwork Climate, Job Satisfaction, Safety Climate, Stress Recognition, Working Conditions and Perceptions of Management. As a result, everything that a human being devises, uses, or does is prone to error and failure. As this challenges the “First: do no harm” principle of healthcare [1], it is imperative to assess the factors that impact patient safety. In daily clinical practice, it may be more appropriate to use the term “safety climate”, which generally refers to the measurable components of safety culture such as management behaviors, safety systems, and employee perceptions of safety
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