Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women globally, including in Malaysia. There is a need to assess women’s beliefs about BC and screening in different cultural settings. This study aimed to translate and validate an adapted version of the United States (US) Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) for an investigation of predictors of BC screening in Malaysia. The CHBMS was adapted, and forward and backward translated into the Malay language. The validity and reliability of the CHBMS-BC-M (M for Malay language) was investigated in a community sample of 251 multi-ethnic Malay-speaking women. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation indicated that the structure of the adapted CHBMS-BC-M comprised three subscales with 21 items, and an Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 0.83 and above for all items. The explanatory factor analysis (EFA) showed acceptable to high factor loadings on items. Cronbach’s alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.59 to 0.87. The reproducibility of the scale was fair to high, with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.53 to 0.80 for the subscales. Overall, the analysis indicated that the translated CHBMS-BC-M is a valid and reliable scale to measure beliefs about BC and screening in the Malay-speaking ethnic population of Malaysia.
Highlights
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer with 24.2% of all new cancer cases [1], and it is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide [2]
The scores for the Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI), based on the judges’ ratings, were 0.83 and above and, the 22 items were retained in the Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS)-BC-M to proceed with the construct validation
A degree of hesitancy among the sample of women in responding to the three items in the susceptibility subscale was observed by the research interviewer, perhaps because these items address a participant’s perceived susceptibility to developing BC
Summary
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer with 24.2% of all new cancer cases [1], and it is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide [2]. BC is the most common female cancer in Malaysia and accounts for 34.1% of all cancers among females [3]. Diagnosis and management are crucial to improving survival rates. The Ministry of Health Malaysia offers opportunistic screening in the form of Clinical Breast Examinations (CBE) and mammograms for eligible women.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
