Validation of Synthetic Diamond for a Beam Condition Monitor for the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment

Abstract

The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will collide two counter rotating proton beams. The energy stored in each beam is about 350 MJ. If there is a failure in an element of the accelerator, the resulting beam losses could cause damage not only to the accelerator itself, but also to the physics experiments installed. Within the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment (CMS), the use of a Beam Condition Monitor (BCM) is planned to monitor a possible fast increase of the particle flux near the interaction point. The system will flag the onset of adverse beam conditions within the CMS experiment, and, if necessary, input into the beam abort system of the LHC requesting a fast beam dump. Constraints on BCM design from radiation hardness, a minimal material and services budget, and the need for fast signals from sensors with high sensitivity and a large dynamic range, have led to the investigation of synthetic chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond for the BCM sensor. In a 5 GeV hadron beam the response of CVD diamonds was tested in fluxes ranging from single minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) to 108 MIPs per cm2, delivered over 40 ns. The signal response, linearity, and stability of both un-irradiated and irradiated sensors were tested over this flux range, and will be presented herein. The results confirm the applicability of CVD diamond for this beam monitoring application