Abstract
A necessary stage in the development of traffic models is model validation, where the developed model is verified by comparing its outputs with observed data. The most frequently used variables are average value of speed, flow intensity and flow density (during a selected period).It is possible to use these values for the calibration of macroscopic models, but one cannot always obtain a relevant microscopic dynamic model in this way. A typical use of the microsimulation models is the capacity assessment, where this sort of data (flow, speed and queues) is considered to be standard and sufficient. However microsimulation is also increasingly being used for other assessments (e.g. noise and emissions) where the correct representation of each vehicle’s acceleration and deceleration plays a crucial role. Another emerging area is the use of microsimulation to predict near-miss situations and conflicts to identify dangerous and accident prone locations. In such assessments the vehicle trajectory, distance from other vehicles as well as velocity and acceleration are very important.Additional source of data, which can be used to validate vehicle dynamics in microsimulation models, is the Global Positioning System (GPS) that is able to determine vehicle position with centimeter accuracy.In this article we discuss validation of selected microscopic traffic models, based on the comparison of simulated vehicle dynamics with observed dynamic characteristics of vehicles recorded by the precise geodetic GPS equipment.
Highlights
The movement of vehicles in the traffic flow is in terms of real traffic the simplest situation
In this article we discuss validation of selected microscopic traffic models, based on the comparison of simulated vehicle dynamics with observed dynamic characteristics of vehicles recorded by the precise geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment
It fulfils the basic requirements of traffic flow models: –– Collisionless course of performed simulations from the complete spectrum of possible parameters and initial conditions; –– Physically reasonable values of speed and acceleration of vehicles during the course of the simulation; –– Asymmetric characteristic of the model – the course of acceleration is different from the one of deceleration; –– Occurrence of global states corresponding to real observations – non-linearity of the model
Summary
The movement of vehicles in the traffic flow is in terms of real traffic the simplest situation. The basic behaviour of a vehicle in this situation is well known, the exact dynamic processes in the traffic flow are not characterised enough and promise a wide field for further research. The available data often come from profile detectors, which usually provide average values of the speed, intensity and traffic flow density for a specific time interval [2]. This data can be used to calibrate the model, especially in commercial packages, but for a detailed validation of vehicle behaviour in a dynamic microscopic model another data source needs to be found. This paper discusses the validation of the selected microscopic traffic models using the dynamic characteristics of vehicles recorded by precise geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment
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