Abstract
BackgroundWorldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and one of those producing greatest impact on patients’ day-to-day quality of life. Our study aim is to validate the “Living with Chronic Illness Scale” for a Spanish-speaking T2DM population.MethodsIn this observational, international, cross-sectional study, 582 persons with T2DM were recruited in primary care and outpatient hospital consultations, in Spain and Colombia, during the period from May 2018 to June 2019. The properties analysed were feasibility/acceptability, internal consistency, reliability, precision and (structural) content-construct validity including confirmatory factor analysis. The COSMIN checklist was used to assess the methodological/psychometric quality of the instrument.ResultsThe scale had an adequate internal consistency and test retest reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96, respectively). In addition, the instrument is precise (standard error of measurement = 3.34, with values < ½SD = 8.52) and correlates positively with social support (DUFSS) (rs = 0.56), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) (rs = 0.51–0.30) and ssatisfaction with life (SLS-6) (rs = 0.50–0.38). The original 26-items version of the scale did not support totally the confirmatory factor analysis. The COSMIN checklist is favourable for all the properties analysed, although weaknesses are detected for structural validity.ConclusionsThe LW-CI-T2DM is a valid, reliable and accurate instrument for use in clinical practice to determine how a person’s life is affected by the presence of diabetes. This instrument correlates well with the associated constructs of social support, quality of life and satisfaction. Additional research is needed to determine how well the questionnaire structure performs when robust factor analysis methods are applied.
Highlights
Worldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and one of those producing greatest impact on patients’ day-to-day quality of life
Other considerations are taken into account in the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) [14] and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) [15]
They focused on the evaluation of similar concepts related to the daily living like quality of life (MLHFQ, Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Questionnaire (LCOPD)), acceptance the chronic condition (CPAQ), coping the disease (Brief-COPE) or psychosocial adjustment to the disease (PAIS)
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and one of those producing greatest impact on patients’ day-to-day quality of life. Other considerations are taken into account in the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) [14] and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) [15] They focused on the evaluation of similar concepts related to the daily living like quality of life (MLHFQ, LCOPD), acceptance the chronic condition (CPAQ), coping the disease (Brief-COPE) or psychosocial adjustment to the disease (PAIS). Its acceptability was later evaluated in a pilot study for other Spanish-speaking populations (with T2DM, heart failure -HF-, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -COPD- or osteoarthritis), which showed that the instrument was viable and presented acceptable preliminary levels of validity [18] The validation of this instrument for persons with T2DM will make it possible to identify the factors that determine whether a patient is living more or less positive with the disease, providing clinicians with valuable information enabling them to apply focused interventions
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