Abstract
A new model of pump noise in supercontinuum and rogue wave generation is presented. Simulations are compared with experiments and show that the new model provides significantly better agreement than the currently ubiquitously used one-photon-per-mode model. The new model also allows for a study of the influence of the pump spectral line width on the spectral broadening mechanisms. Specifically, it is found that for four-wave mixing (FWM) a narrow spectral line width ( similar 0.1 nm) initially leads to a build-up of FWM from quantum noise, whereas a broad spectral line width (succeeds, similar 1 nm) initially leads to a gradual broadening of the pump spectrum. Since the new model provides better agreement with experiments and is still simple to implement, it is particularly important that it is used for future studies of the statistical properties of nonlinear spectral broadening, such as the formation of rogue waves.
Highlights
Pumping a nonlinear optical fibre with low-peak power ( 10 kW), temporally long ( 10 ps) pulses or even CW, can lead to the formation of red-shifting solitons from random noise in the pump [1, 2]
Using a Gaussian input spectrum alone leads to very poor agreement with experiment for this narrow linewidth, because the four-wave mixing (FWM) peaks in this case grow from the quantum noise background provided by the onephoton-per-mode model, but not by the Gaussian input spectrum alone
In all three investigated cases, a combination of the Gaussian input spectrum with one-photonper-mode background resulted in the best agreement with experimental measurements
Summary
Pumping a nonlinear optical fibre with low-peak power ( 10 kW), temporally long ( 10 ps) pulses or even CW, can lead to the formation of red-shifting solitons from random noise in the pump [1, 2]. The RWs are known to build up from noise in the input pulses, so any numerical studies of RWs should always ensure a physically realistic model for the input noise. Most numerical studies use the phenomenological one-photon-permode model for representing input noise A highly realistic input CW field can be obtained by carefully modelling the build-up of lasing from quantum noise in the pump laser itself, including spectrally dependent gain, gain saturation, nonlinearity, dispersion, etc. Validation of the model by direct comparison with experimental measurements is limited
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