Abstract
The immunostimulatory and disease resistance properties of herb Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) were evaluated in rohu Labeo rohita in pond. Rohu fry (1.9 ± 0.08 g) were cultured in hapas (25 hapa−1) set inside a pond and were fed with two experimental diets containing 0.5% seeds (D1) and leaves (D2) of A. aspera and control diet (D3). Fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila after 80 days. The cumulative mortality rate of fish was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D3 (28–48%) compared to others. Average weight was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 (6.5–12.5%) compared to other treatments. Myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 and D2 compared to D3. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl protein levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in hepatopancreas and kidney of D1 compared to others. In hepatopancreas, the expressions of lysozyme C, loysozyme G, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-1β were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 compared to others. This treatment was followed by D2. In kidney, lysozyme G and TNF-α levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 and D2 compared to D3. Whereas, IL-10 and IL-1β were significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively in kidney of D2. There was up-regulation (P < 0.05) of TLR-4 in hepatopancreas and kidney of D1 and D2 diets fed rohu, respectively compared to others.
Highlights
The application of herbal immunostimulants has been increasing rapidly to control the disease in aquaculture [1]
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the immunostimulatory and disease resistance properties of seeds and leaves of Achyranthes aspera in Labeo rohita challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila in the pond conditions
First mortality was recorded in D2 diet fed rohu within 12 h of challenge with bacterial pathogen
Summary
The application of herbal immunostimulants has been increasing rapidly to control the disease in aquaculture [1]. Miers, Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract [2], mango, Magnifera indica kernel [3], Solanum trilobatum leaf [4], green tea [5], guava Psidium guajava leaves [6, 7], ginger Zingiber officinale [8] All these studies are performed in the control laboratory conditions. The supplementation of seeds of A. aspera in diet enhances the growth of fish. Even it protects the early larvae of carps from harmful UV-B irradiation [14, 15, 16, 17, 18]
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