Abstract
Recent theoretical studies demonstrate the advantages of using decentralized architectures over traditional centralized architectures for real-time Power Distribution Systems (PDSs) operation. These advantages include the reduction of the amount of data to be transmitted and processed when performing state estimation in PDSs. The main contribution of this paper is to provide lab validation of the advantages and feasibility of decentralized monitoring of PDSs. Therefore, this paper presents an advanced trial emulating realistic conditions and hardware setup. More specifically, the paper proposes: (i) The laboratory development and implementation of an Advanced Measurement Infrastructure (AMI) prototype to enable the simulation of a smart grid. To emulate the information traffic between smart meters and distribution operation centers, communication modules, that enable the use of wireless networks for sending messages in real-time, are used, bridging concepts from both IoT and Edge Computing. (ii) The laboratory development and implementation of a decentralized architecture based on Embedded State Estimator Modules (ESEMs) are carried out. ESEMs manage information from smart meters at lower voltage networks, performing real-time state estimation in PDSs. Simulations performed on a real PDS with 208 buses (considering both medium and low voltage buses) have met the aims of this paper. The results show that by using ESEMs in a decentralized architecture, both the data transit through the communication network, as well as the computational requirements involved in monitoring PDSs in real-time, are reduced considerably without any loss of accuracy.
Highlights
Smart Grid (SG) initiatives have increased the complexity of Power DistributionSystems’ (PDSs) operation and control
With the data available in the Jetson Nano processor, as well as the network topology and parameters of the corresponding Low Voltage (LV) network, Weighted Least Squares (WLS) State Estimators (SEs) is running in the Embedded State Estimator Modules (ESEMs), which are programmed in Python language
Given the growing technological challenges presented by the new SG and the electricity market, it is necessary to implement improvements in the way electric companies manage the information obtained from electrical grids
Summary
As the approach uses a Cloud Computing framework, it is attractive for integrating aggregators and decentralized local markets It requires a physical structure of data concentrators to be installed in all MV/LV transformers, and cloud service latency was not considered, which may hamper real-time integration with DOCs. Advances in communication networks aimed at implementing the IoT ecosystem (such as Sigfox, Narrow Band IoT, Long Range, among others) combined with a greater ability to process embedded electronic devices, enable the development of electronic modules that can operate independently using the concept of edge computing. Advances in communication networks aimed at implementing the IoT ecosystem (such as Sigfox, Narrow Band IoT, Long Range, among others) combined with a greater ability to process embedded electronic devices, enable the development of electronic modules that can operate independently using the concept of edge computing Based on these advances, in [7], decentralized architectures for PDS monitoring were proposed and compared to the centralized architecture that is traditionally used in control centers. The last section presents some conclusive remarks and future lines of research
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