Abstract
The 3D digitization and Building Information Modeling (BIM), which is based on parametric objects, have considerably advanced by developing massive data capture techniques. Thus, reverse engineering currently plays a major role as these technologies capture accurately and efficiently the geometry, color and textures of complex architectural, archaeological and cultural heritage. This paper aims to validate close-range Structure from Motion (SfM) for heritage by analyzing the point density and the 3D mesh geometry in comparison with Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). The accuracy of the results and the geometry mainly depends on the processing performed on the point set. Therefore, these two variables are significant in the 3D reconstruction of heritage buildings. This paper focuses on a 15th century case study in Seville (Spain): the main façade of Casa de Pilatos. Ten SfM surveys were carried out varying the capture method (simple and stereoscopic) and the number of shots, distances, orientation and procedure. A mathematical analysis is proposed to verify the point spatial resolution and the accuracy of the 3D model geometry by section profiles in SfM data. SfM achieved acceptable accuracy levels to generate 3D meshes despite disordered shots and the number of images. Hence, stereoscopic photography using new instruments improved the results of close-range photogrammetry while reducing the required number of photographs.
Highlights
Throughout history, the knowledge of built heritage has been based on diverse topographic techniques that are rudimentary to a greater or lesser extent
Many churches and cathedrals have been erected around the world through geometric patterns. Their façade structure is even simpler [2] and their technology is far from what is available currently. All these examples show that geometric data are crucial to build actual and 3D digital models, which recently have drawn the attention of researchers in the field of museography, architects, engineers and archaeologists [3]
Photogrammetric surveys should be organized to obtain optimal point cloud densities. Based on this new paradigm of BIM, this paper studies the geometry obtained and compares it with that measured using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), so results could be applied in the future in Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM)
Summary
Throughout history, the knowledge of built heritage has been based on diverse topographic techniques that are rudimentary to a greater or lesser extent. Their façade structure is even simpler [2] and their technology is far from what is available currently All these examples show that geometric data are crucial to build actual and 3D digital models, which recently have drawn the attention of researchers in the field of museography, architects, engineers and archaeologists [3]. Today, conducting surveys at a certain height is not possible, so photographs are collected using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) These data acquisition techniques are low-cost, but require time to process the field work, to generate point cloud data and to model with a suitable software. Photogrammetric surveys should be organized to obtain optimal point cloud densities Based on this new paradigm of BIM, this paper studies the geometry obtained and compares it with that measured using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), so results could be applied in the future in Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM)
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