Abstract
We present a homogeneous spectral tensor model for wind velocity and temperature fluctuations, driven by mean vertical shear and mean temperature gradient. Results from the model, including one-dimensional velocity and temperature spectra and the associated co-spectra, are shown in this paper. The model also reproduces two-point statistics, such as coherence and phases, via cross-spectra between two points separated in space. Model results are compared with observations from the Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (HATS) field program (Horst et al. 2004). The spectral velocity tensor in the model is described via five parameters: the dissipation rate (ϵ), length scale of energy-containing eddies (L), a turbulence anisotropy parameter (Γ), gradient Richardson number (Ri) representing the atmospheric stability and the rate of destruction of temperature variance (ηθ).
Highlights
IntroductionThe International Electrotechnical Commission [1] recommends the use of the three-dimensional spectral tensor model by Mann [2] for estimation of loads on wind turbines, through simulation of rotor inflow [3]
Modeling of the spectral velocity tensor has important implications in wind energy
The atmospheric stability is measured in terms of the ratio z/Lo, where the Obukhov length
Summary
The International Electrotechnical Commission [1] recommends the use of the three-dimensional spectral tensor model by Mann [2] for estimation of loads on wind turbines, through simulation of rotor inflow [3]. RDT has previously been used in non-stationary spectral tensor modeling of homogeneous– uniform sheared [8], unsheared stably stratified [9], and sheared stably stratified [10, 11] turbulent flows. The model was never extended to account for buoyancy effects, it has been used to describe one-point spectra for non-neutral conditions in [12, 13, 14]. For the simulation of turbulence in the lower atmosphere and subsequent estimation of its loading effects upon structures, it would be useful to augment the M94 spectral tensor model, to include buoyancy effects
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