Abstract
The use of simple mathematical models for describing the behaviour of heat pumps is important for assessing the energy performance of this equipment when installed in buildings. However, because of their simplicity, commonly used simple models, may not be able to fully account for the dynamic performance of heat pumps during transient phases. In this study, different performance black box models for an on-off water-to-water heat pump are validated by comparison with laboratory experimental results at steady state and dynamic cycling conditions. The models range from the solution based on the interpolation on the heat pump performance map to the detailed dynamic solution that combines correlations for the quasi-steady state operation and activation functions to model the transient phases. The output temperatures, electrical and thermal power and coefficient of performance from simulations were compared with experimental data from a water-to-water heat pump of 40.5 kW nominal heating capacity operating under cycling conditions. After validation with experiments, annual energy performance simulations of a tertiary building provided with a heat pump were conducted. These simulations quantifying the uncertainty expected when using heat pump performance models in simulation environments for estimating their annual energy performance.
Highlights
The increasing implementation of heat pumps for building climatization is expected to contribute significantly to the mitigation of CO2 emissions through the achievement of energy savings
In order to quantify the importance of the transient phases, experimental performance data without stand-by losses was calculated by subtracting the stand-by residual consumption from the measurement of electrical power consumption during stand-by
In this study the performance of different heat pump performance map black box models has been assessed by comparison with experimental data and evaluated on an annual basis
Summary
The increasing implementation of heat pumps for building climatization is expected to contribute significantly to the mitigation of CO2 emissions through the achievement of energy savings. A consequence of the rapid growth in the number of the heat pump installed in buildings is the need for developing novel integration strategies for demand side management applications. The development of such integration strategies requires the use of simulation tools models that integrate the different components interacting in energy grids, including the simulation of heat pump systems. The most commonly used black-box models that are implemented in dynamic simulation software are the socalled quasi-steady state performance map models [1] These models, which are based on performance data from manufacturers’, calculate the heat pump performance at each simulation time step by means of interpolation/extrapolation algorithms. Typical implementations of quasi-steady state performance map models for heat pumps in the simulation software package TRNSYS are types 927, 504, 505, 665 and 668 from the TRNSYS and TESS libraries [2, 3]
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