Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop an in vitro model to study mechanical compression effects on cartilage. A pressure-controlled compression device was used in this study. Cartilage explants obtained from human knee were compressed at 1MPa/1Hz for 7 hours (30 min ON, 30 min OFF) under normoxia (5% CO2, 21% O2) or hypoxia (5% CO2, 5% O2). Cell viability was analyzed while nitric oxide (NO) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) release was assayed in culture media. Mechanical stimulation increased NO production and GAG release by human cartilage explants under normoxia and hypoxia culture. In normoxia and hypoxia conditions, mechanical stimulation alters human OA cartilage metabolism. There is also, an increase in matrix degradation after compression, as shown by levels of GAG found in culture media. This study put in evidence the importance of mechanical compression in the progression of the osteoarthritis and present and in vitro model for mechanobiological and pharmacological studies.
Highlights
Cartilage is an avascular tissue submitted in vivo to mechanical stimuli
Cartilage explants obtained from human knee were compressed at 1MPa/1Hz for 7 hours (30 min ON, 30 min OFF) under normoxia (5% CO2, 21% O2) or hypoxia (5% CO2, 5% O2)
We investigated the effect of oxygen tension in the level of nitric oxide (NO) production and GAG release in response to mechanical compression
Summary
Cartilage is an avascular tissue submitted in vivo to mechanical stimuli. These mechanical stimuli result from a complex combination of tension, shearing and compression forces, the latter being the most important within the cartilage [1]. The compressive forces exerted on the surface of the articular cartilages are variable according to the weight of the individual, his muscular tension and its physical-activity. For example the average pressure being exerted on the hip is of 0.7 MPa but during physical exercises, it can reach 5 to 10 MPa. for example the average pressure being exerted on the hip is of 0.7 MPa but during physical exercises, it can reach 5 to 10 MPa These mechanical forces affect the extracellular matrix as well as the chondrocyte metabolism [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. In the zones subjected to maximal forces, the balance between the anabolism and the catabolism of the cartilage are disturbed
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