Abstract
The UPPS-P model of impulsivity proposes that impulsivity comprises five distinct facets—negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking. The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale has been used to measure these facets. The purpose of the current study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the 20-item UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P). The sample comprised 343 Swedish young adults (Mage=24.21, SD=2.01; 27% men, 2% other or undisclosed gender identity) who answered a questionnaire including the SUPPS-P; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and questions regarding their alcohol consumption and substance use. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 5-factor, inter-correlated model, where each subscale of the SUPPS-P constitutes one latent variable. The convergent validity was established by replicating previously found correlations between the different impulsivity facets and depression, anxiety, frequency of alcohol consumption, and substance use. The internal consistency was acceptable for all the SUPPS-P subscales (Cronbach's α=0.65–0.78, McDonald's ω=0.65–0.79), except lack of perseverance (Cronbach's α=0.60, McDonald's ω=0.61). Thus, while the Swedish version of the SUPPS-P is suitable for assessing impulsivity in Swedish young adult samples, further research is needed to improve the psychometric properties of the lack of perseverance subscale.
Highlights
In recent years, there has been a growing consensus that impulsivity is a multifaceted construct encompassing various different cognitive and behavioral control mechanisms (Gay, Rochat, Billieux, d'Acremont, & Van der Linden, 2008). Whiteside and Lynam (2001) and Cyders and Smith (2007) developed a model of impulsivity that contains five distinct facets: negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking
We hypothesized that Swedish young adults' lack of perseverance and their negative and positive urgency would correlate with elevated levels of psychological distress, and that their lack of premeditation/perseverance and sensation seeking would correlate with higher frequency of alcohol consumption and be higher in young adults who had ever taken another drug besides alcohol
Significant gender differences were found for sensation seeking and negative urgency: men scored higher than did women on sensation seeking, and women scored higher than did men on negative urgency
Summary
There has been a growing consensus that impulsivity is a multifaceted construct encompassing various different cognitive and behavioral control mechanisms (Gay, Rochat, Billieux, d'Acremont, & Van der Linden, 2008). Whiteside and Lynam (2001) and Cyders and Smith (2007) developed a model of impulsivity that contains five distinct facets: negative urgency (i.e., acting on impulse when experiencing strong negative affect), positive urgency (i.e., acting on impulse when experiencing strong positive affect), lack of premeditation (i.e., tendency to act without considering the consequences), lack of perseverance (i.e., difficulty in maintaining focus during difficult or boring tasks), and sensation seeking (i.e., pursuing exciting or potentially perilous activities). Whiteside and Lynam (2001) and Cyders and Smith (2007) developed a model of impulsivity that contains five distinct facets: negative urgency (i.e., acting on impulse when experiencing strong negative affect), positive urgency (i.e., acting on impulse when experiencing strong positive affect), lack of premeditation (i.e., tendency to act without considering the consequences), lack of perseverance (i.e., difficulty in maintaining focus during difficult or boring tasks), and sensation seeking (i.e., pursuing exciting or potentially perilous activities). All of these facets can be measured with the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (Lynam, Smith, Whiteside, & Cyders, 2006). Some gender differences were found, with males scoring significantly higher on sensation seeking and positive urgency and significantly lower on negative urgency compared to females (Cyders, 2013; d'Acremont & Van der Linden, 2005)
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