Abstract
Curcumin (CM), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) are major curcumin derivatives found in the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and have yielded impressive properties to halt various diseases. In the present study, we carried out a method validation for curcumin derivatives and analyzed the contents simultaneously using HPLC with UV detection. For validation, HPLC was used to estimate linearity, range, specificity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Results showed a high linearity of the calibration curve, with a coefficient of correlation (R2) for CM, DMC, and BDMC of 0.9999, 0.9999, and 0.9997, respectively. The LOD values for CM, DMC, and BDMC were 1.16, 1.03, and 2.53 ng/μL and LOQ values were 3.50, 3.11, and 7.67 ng/μL, respectively. Moreover, to evaluate the ability of curcumin derivatives to reduce liver lipogenesis and compare curcumin derivatives’ therapeutic effects, a HepG2 cell model was established to analyze their hepatoprotective properties. Regarding the in vivo study, we investigated the effect of DMC, CM, and BDMC on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by a methionine choline deficient (MCD)-diet in the C57BL/6J mice model. From the in vitro and in vivo results, curcumin derivatives alleviated MCD-diet-induced lipid accumulation as well as high triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and the protein and gene expression of the transcription factors related to liver adipogenesis were suppressed. Furthermore, in MCD-diet mice, curcumin derivatives suppressed the upregulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, our findings indicated that all of the three curcuminoids exerted a hepatoprotective effect in the HepG2 cell model and the MCD-diet-induced NAFLD model, suggesting a potential for curcuminoids derived from turmeric as novel therapeutic agents for NAFLD.
Highlights
A variety of food and health supplements using natural substances have been distributed in Korea and many other countries [1,2,3]
Hepatic lipid accumulation produces multiple signals that can alter the metabolism of glucose and lipids, which leads to the presence of intracellular fat vacuoles, in addition to a lack of the capability to perform the mitochondrial β-oxidation processes, development of proinflammatory mechanisms, and generation of oxidative stress, leading to hepatocellular apoptosis [52]
We established an analysis method of quantitation and verified the analysis for curcuminoids using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a UV detector
Summary
A variety of food and health supplements using natural substances have been distributed in Korea and many other countries [1,2,3]. Natural materials have fewer side effects and are relatively safe for mid- or long-term use based on long-term clinical experiences, so the increase in consumption and the expansion of the market are becoming more active [4]. The standardization process is most important when developing and producing health functioning foods. Natural food materials have secured their efficacy and stability through long-eating experience, differences in quality exist due to various variables such as soil, collection time, and cultivation conditions. There may be differences in the content of the major constituents in the process of heating and extracting them. It is essential to check the content of the surface ingredients and ensure that the content is validated and an analysis method considered to be accurate is applied to make the analysis more feasible and reliable [5,6,7]
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