Validation of a brief screening tool to detect depression in elderly ED patients

Abstract

Although depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in the elderly, it is often unrecognized by physicians. The objective of the study was to assess the utility of a 3-question screening instrument (ED-DSI) to detect depression among elderly emergency department (ED) patients. We used a prospective convenience sample of English-speaking ED patients ≥65yr. Patients were excluded for being too ill to participate, having obvious dementia, or acute changes in mentation. A physician administered the ED-DSI. Trained research personnel blinded to ED-DSI answers then administered the 30 question Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The ED-DSI was considered positive if the patient answered yes to one or more questions and subjects were considered depressed when the GDS score was ≥10. ED-DSI was compared to GDS using contingency tables. A total of 103 subjects were enrolled. Average age was 75 years and subjects were predominately female (66%) and white (85%). GDS identified 33 patients (32%) as depressed. Of these, 26 were correctly identified by ED-DSI giving an ED-DSI sensitivity of 79% (95%CI (65%, 93%)) specificity of 66% (95%CI (54%, 78%)) and a negative predictive value of 87% (95%CI (79%, 95%)). The 3-question ED-DSI is a useful tool to detect depression in this population of ED patients. (Am J Emerg Med 2002;20:99-102. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.)