Validation of a 3-Item Screening Tool for Geriatric Depression in the Observation Unit of an Emergency Department

Abstract

Introduction The purpose of this study was to validate a new 3-item Emergency Department Depression Screening Instrument (ED-DSI) in screening for depression in elderly patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods All Cantonese-speaking ED patients 65 years or older staying in the observation ward were included. Patients with a known diagnosis of dementia or depression and those with severe hearing problems were excluded. The doctor-in-charge would administer the 3-item ED-DSI which was adapted from the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The research nurse who was blind to the answers of the initial screening then administered the 15-item GDS to the same patient. The 15-item GDS, which had been validated previously in the local population, was used as the reference standard. Results One hundred patients of whom 70 were female, were recruited. The mean age of the group was 75 years with a range from 65 to > 96 years. Using a cut-off score of 2, the new 3-item ED-DSI was shown to be as effective as the 15-item GDS (using a cut-off score of 8) in identifying depressed subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of the instrument were 90% and 74%, respectively. Conclusions The new 3-item ED-DSI for depression correlated well with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. It can be used for screening of depression in elderly patients in a busy emergency department.