Validation d’une échelle de sexualité (intérêts, émotions, relations : IERS) à la prime adolescence (12 à 15 ans)

Abstract

Early adolescence, which we also call prime adolescence, is marked by the transformations of puberty and the sexualisation of the body, changes in cognition and the progressive involvement in sexuality. This study is the continuation of an earlier work dealing with the construction and validation of a questionnaire on sexuality during adolescence (Courtois et al., 1998) [8]. Population. The sample was composed of 312 middle-school students (7 to 9(th) grade) from four middle-schools in Tours and its suburbs (Indre-et-Loire, France): 164 girls (52.6%) and 148 boys (47.4%); with a mean age of 13.8 (S.D.=1.02; from 10.7 to 16.9) (without significant differences between boys and girls). Material. The material was composed of 22 items calling for true or false answers and including 13 items from the initial questionnaire by Courtois et al. (1998) [7,8] structured in three dimensions ("Behavioral engagement in sexuality", "Love and fidelity" and "Taste for flirting"). Procedure. The study was carried out in 2008 in the classroom (anonymity guaranteed). The results of the factorial analysis (as the main component and by the method which maximizes variance, Varimax) made it possible to find three factors which explain 41% of total variance: "Going out with someone" (value of 4.6, explaining 21% of the total variance); "Giving priority to love" (value of 2.8 explaining 13% of the variance); "Flirting with the aim of having sexual relations" (value of 1.6 explaining 7% of variance). The Cronbach alphas are 0.79, 0.70 and 0.66 respectively. The first and third factors are correlated. In order to obtain a shorter final instrument and to favor the orthogonality between factors, we only retained the items which are strongly saturated by the factors (>0.50). A confirmatory analysis revealed the good adequation of the model retained (Chi(2): 162, 87 dof, P<0.001; Goodness of fitness index [GFI] of Joreskog: 0.91; Root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.05). Following these analyses, we are able to propose a shorter questionnaire (15 items), structured in three dimensions of sexuality significant in prime adolescence (in accordance with interests, emotions and relationships). The analyses were conducted according to gender and age. There is no significant difference for "Going out with someone" between boys and girls. On the other hand, there is a difference between "Giving priority to love", which is more important for girls (P<0.05) and for "Flirting with the aim of having sexual relations", more important for boys (P<0.001). However, as ages increase, we notice a rise in scores for "Going out with someone" for girls as well as for boys (P<0.05); a drop in scores for "Giving priority to love" (for girls, (P<0.05) and an increase in the scores for "Flirting with the aim of having sexual relations" (only for boys (p<0.05). This study allowed us to validate a scale of sexuality in prime adolescence that presents good psychometric qualities. It was carried out on a larger and more representative sample of this period than the initial study, although essentially finding the same results as previously. Thus, the use of this scale, coupled or not with the individual analysis of the items which make it up, could allow us to understand sexuality in prime adolescence in three significant dimensions of psychosexual development, as well as regarding risky sexuality, i.e., an excessive interest in genital sexuality, behavioral involvement and precocious sexual relations or an absence of feelings.