Abstract
Flow state is a psychological concept used to describe the optimal engagement in different activities. Therefore, the DFS-2 has been developed as an instrument to measure an individual's dispositional tendency to flow state as a personality trait. Aiming to obtain an adapted version of the DFS-2 for the Brazilian-Portuguese language (DFS-BR) and for general activities, we performed its forward- and backward-translation, and we validated it. After gathering answers from 681 Brazilian participants, we performed: (1) the construct validity of the DFS-BR; and (2) the psychometric item quality analysis. the Confirmatory Factorial Analysis (CFA) indicates the best fit for the gathered data is a nine multi-correlated factorial model (χ2/df = 4.23, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93 and RMSEA = 0.069). Reliability tests performed in this structure indicates excellent internal consistency for the DFS-BR. The item quality analysis indicates that its difficulty and discriminating parameters have a good endorsement to estimate the dispositional flow state. Additionally, we proposed and validated a short version of the DFS-BR (composed of only nine items). The validation results indicates good fit (χ2/df = 2.94, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97 and RMSEA = 0.053) and good internal consistency. The Test Information Curve of the short version indicates that it is very informative in the estimation of individual dispositional flow state. In view of these results, we conclude that the DFS-BR showed good evidence of its validity to be used with Brazilian people. We also suggest the use of a short version when we need only measure the person's flow state based on the principle of Occam's razor. This principle is supported by the analysis presented in this article.
Highlights
Flow state is a psychological concept used to describe the optimal engagement in different activities
The participants agreed with a Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) in which we indicated to the participants that their provided information would be confidential, without any possible individual identification, and that their responses being only analyzed as a whole and not individually
All the items with the exception of the item i35 have loadings greater than 0.30 which is considered adequate according the criteria defined by Hair et al (2013) [54], for sample size of more than n > 350
Summary
Flow state is a psychological concept used to describe the optimal engagement in different activities. We suggest the use of a short version when we need only measure the person’s flow state based on the principle of Occam’s razor This principle is supported by the analysis presented in this article. The flow experience is the ideal psychological concept associated with high levels of performance [1, 2] This concept references the entire state of concentration that the people experience when performing activities with a considerable consistency of positive responses [3]. External conditions include the presence of clear objectives and feedback and the balanced relationship between challenge and skill during the performing of activities Based on these internal and external conditions, a model composed of nine components was proposed to define the flow experiences
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