Abstract
The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) evaluates parental attitudes derived from an individual’s childhood experiences with their parents. The factor structure of the PBI differs depending on variables such as psychosocial factors including culture, race, sex, and psychological and social conditions of participants. Although previous studies of the relationships between perinatal depression and parenting experiences have used the factor structures of the PBI from the general population, it is unclear whether the same factor structures are appropriate in the highly variable perinatal period. In this study, complete responses to the PBI and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were received from 932 primiparas at 25 weeks of gestation and at 1 month postpartum. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on half of the responses, and it was confirmed that the three factors were care, interference, and autonomy. Confirmatory factor analysis of the remaining half of the answers showed comprehensible fitness. Each factor showed a high degree of internal consistency, and each factor of the PBI correlated with the EPDS, indicating construct validity. The reliability and validity of the PBI in perinatal Japanese women were confirmed, and it was found that the PBI had a three-factor structure.
Highlights
The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) evaluates parental attitudes derived from an individual’s childhood experiences with their parents
They reported that parental attitudes consisted of two factors, care and overprotection, and created the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) questionnaire to assess parental attitudes based on an individual’s experiences of being parented or memories of parenting during childhood
Many studies have examined the relationship between the PBI and mental disorders to test the hypothesis that parental attitudes are related to personality development and the development of mental illness
Summary
The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) evaluates parental attitudes derived from an individual’s childhood experiences with their parents. To assist in the definition of the two principal dimensions, they asked Australian students and adolescents to respond to a questionnaire including items suggesting parental behaviors and attitudes, including care, and they performed a factor analysis of the results They reported that parental attitudes consisted of two factors, care and overprotection, and created the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) questionnaire to assess parental attitudes based on an individual’s experiences of being parented or memories of parenting during childhood. They showed that the PBI was found to be reliable and valid, and the scales appear to be acceptable[6]. A study of students in the United Kingdom and the United States in the same time period as the study by Cubis et al reported that three
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