Validating HMMR Expression and Its Prognostic Significance in Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Data Mining and Bioinformatics Methods.

Haiwei Zuo,Qiuwen Sun,Li Zhang,Yong Xin,Xia Li,Longzhen Zhang

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.720302

Haiwei Zuo, Qiuwen Sun + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.720302

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Abstract

Hyaluronic acid-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), a tumor-related gene, plays a vital role in the occurrence and progression of various cancers. This research is aimed to reveal the effect of HMMR in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We first obtained the gene expression profiles and clinical data of patients with LUAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, based on the TCGA cohort, the HMMR expression difference between LUAD tissues and nontumor tissues was detected and verified with public tissue microarrays (TMAs), clinical LUAD specimen cohort, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. Logistic regression analysis and chi-square test were adopted to study the correlation between HMMR expression and clinicopathological parameters. The effect of HMMR expression on survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and using the Cox regression model. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was utilized to screen out signaling pathways related to LUAD and the co-expression analysis was employed to build the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The HMMR expression level in LUAD tissues was dramatically higher than that in nontumor tissues. Logistic regression analysis and chi-square test demonstrated that the high HMMR expression in LUAD has relation with gender, pathological stage, T classification, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. The Kaplan–Meier curve suggested a poor prognosis for LUAD patients with high HMMR expression. Multivariate analysis implied that the high HMMR expression was a vital independent predictor of poor overall survival (OS). GSEA indicated that a total of 15 signaling pathways were enriched in samples with the high HMMR expression phenotype. The PPI network gave 10 genes co-expressed with HMMR. HMMR may be an oncogene in LUAD and is expected to become a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for LUAD.

Highlights

According to the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimation, there were more than 2,000,000 new cases of lung cancer all over the world, accounting for 11.6% of new cancer cases, which makes lung cancer the most common malignant tumor on earth (1)
Hyaluronic acid-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) Is Upregulated in Pan-Cancer and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) According to Public Databases
To determine whether HMMR is involved in human cancers, we first analyzed the expression of HMMR in different types of cancers via utilizing the UALCAN database

Summary

Introduction

According to the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimation, there were more than 2,000,000 new cases of lung cancer all over the world, accounting for 11.6% of new cancer cases, which makes lung cancer the most common malignant tumor on earth (1). 1,700,000 patients died of lung cancer, accounting for 18.4% of total cancer-related deaths (2). Lung cancer is considered to be the main cause of cancer-related deaths in global world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients account for nearly 85% of all lung cancer cases, and almost 50% of them suffer from LUAD, which is the most common lung malignancy (3). It is essential to determine a biomarker that can forecast the prognosis of LUAD with high sensitivity and strong specificity and act as a target for LUAD treatment

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