Abstract
The detailed valence states of Mn and Fe ions in room-temperature ferromagnetic In 2O 3 doped with Mn and Fe ions were investigated by the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements. It was confirmed that Mn 2+ and Mn 3+ coexist in In 2O 3. In addition to these two magnetic ions, Sn 4+ was incorporated to control the charge states of doped Mn and/or Fe ions, which makes the Mn 2+/Mn 3+ ratio larger with an increase in the doped- Sn 4+ concentration. It was found that the magnetic susceptibility decreased with an increase in Mn 2+ because of the Sn 4+-doping, which indicated that the coexistence of Mn 2+ and Mn 3+ is mandatory for room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn- and Fe-codoped In 2O 3.
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