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Abstract
Mental time travel is one of the most remarkable achievements of mankind. On the one hand, people perceive past self, present self, and future self as a continuous unity; on the other hand, people have the ability to distinguish among the three types of temporal selves because there are different representations of them. In this study, we used an adapted temporal self-reference paradigm to explore the processing mechanism of different temporal selves. Temporal self-reference was performed from the first-person perspective in Experiment 1 and from the third-person perspective in Experiment 2. The results indicated that people showed a more positive bias toward future self compared with past self and present self no matter in the first-person perspective or third-person perspective. There was no difference in recognition rate among past self, present self, and future self. Compared with the first-person perspective, present self-processing in the third-person perspective was more abstract and generalized, which may reflect that the third-person perspective has the same distancing function as time. This study can deepen understandings on temporal self-appraisals from different perspectives.
Highlights
One of the most remarkable achievements of mankind is able to perform mental time travel (MTT), which refers to people’s ability to mentally project oneself into the past or future (Endel, 2002; Rasmussen and Berntsen, 2013)
This study found that there was no difference in recognition rate among the three temporal selves, that is, the recognition rates of past self, present self and future self were the same, which did not verify our hypothesis
The response times of positive trait adjectives in past self and future self were faster than that of negative trait adjectives, and there was no difference between positive trait adjectives and negative trait adjectives in present self condition
Summary
One of the most remarkable achievements of mankind is able to perform mental time travel (MTT), which refers to people’s ability to mentally project oneself into the past or future (Endel, 2002; Rasmussen and Berntsen, 2013). MTT allows people to subjectively locate selves to the past time and places to reexperience their past, or to a future point-in-time to experience certain events (Liu et al, 2010). This shows that the self has temporal extension, possessing the present, and the past and the future. MTT results in temporal self (Luo et al, 2013), which refers to past self, present self, and future self. The individual’s view of future self and imagination of future life will affect the individual’s present behaviors and bring relevant information into the self-identity
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