Abstract

We used high resolution ( δE < 150 meV) photoemission with synchrotron radiation in the range 10 eV < hv < 130 eV to study archetypal mixed valent and related cerium-, samarium-, europium-, thulium- and ytterbium-based systems. Generally all mixed valent systems (except the cerium-based system which is not yet fully characterized) exhibit an integer valent surface layer which has the lower value of the two bulk valence configurations. Temperature-dependent changes in bulk valence were observed in the europium and samarium compounds. Mixed valence was observed to persist down to at least 5 at.% dilution of thulium in Tm x Y 1− x Se while thulium appears to remain trivalent in all Tm x Y 1− x S compounds studied.

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