Abstract
Anoa is an endemic species of Indonesia that is listed as endangered in the IUCN Redlist list and also included in the Appendix I CITES. Anoa’s reproduction have been constraint due to their natural behaviour. This animal is a solitary animal, monogamous, wild and aggressive, Incorrect mating time can lead the into a fight between the male and female. Information about the estrus cycle is very important in determining the optimal mating time for anoa. The study aim is to determine the estrus cycle of anoa based on behaviour and change in the vaginal epithelial cells. Behavioural data were observed by focal animal sampling technique to 3 female anoas in Anoa Breeding Center Manado during January-August 2017 at 07.00-17.00 CIT. Vaginal swabs cytology was done during July-August 2017 in the morning and afternoon by using terilized cotton swab and Giemsa stain. The vaginal swabs cytology techniques with Giemsa staining can be used to determine the changes in epithelial cells and confirm the estrus phase of anoa. Based on vaginal cytology the length of the estrus cycle of each individual anoa at the Anoa Breeding Center is different. At Manis the lengt of estrus cycle ranges 23 days, Rita 15 days, Denok 21 days and Ana is unidentified
Highlights
Anoa is an endemic species of Sulawesi and Buton Island
The vaginal swabs cytology techniques with Giemsa staining can be used to determine the changes in epithelial cells and confirm the estrus phase of anoa
The diestrus phase is dominated by parabasal cells, proestrus phase is dominated by intermediate cell, estrus phase is dominated by cornified superfisial cell, and metestrus phase is dominated by superfisial and parabasal cell [11]
Summary
Anoa is an endemic species of Sulawesi and Buton Island. Anoa is a solitary animal, wild and monogamous, affecting the growth of the population in nature and even affect the success of captive breeding [2]. Anoa is included in the polyestrus animal and at the time of estrus they will release pheromones that can stimulate the males to reach the females [7]. When a male anoa meets a female, there will be a fight so the process of mating will be difficult to be happen [9]. The female Anoa will be willing to accept the male while experiencing the peak of the estrus that occurred only a few hours. Information on the estrus cycle is very important as a basis for determining the proper time of natural mating. The reserach on the estrus cycle of anoa shows varying results, i.e 26 and 30 days [8], 21 days [10], 16-31 days and 22-23 days [12]
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