Abstract
Candidiasis is one of the most common pathological processes, especially among women of reproductive age, especially pregnant. It can be expressed as Candida carriage and as an active form of infection. Although candidiasis is caused by opportunistic microorganisms, its effects can be quite significant, so it is necessary to treat it with the use of antimycotic drugs. In view of the spread among these microorganisms of resistance to antimicrobial drugs, the determining factor for the success of therapeutic measures, it is important to make a preliminary assessment of the susceptibility to antimycotics of strains isolated from persons with Candida carriage or active candidiasis. The aim of the research was to study the species range of fungi of the genus Candida isolated from the reproductive tract in women with dysbiosis and to study their susceptibility to antimycotics. Total of 227 samples of biological material from women aged 16 to 56 years have been investigated. Microscopic and cultural methods of detecting of fungi in the primary material were used for research. For the identification of species of Candida fungi, a polymerase chain reaction method in real-time was used. It was determined that the frequency of detection of Candida fungi in the composition of vaginal microbiome during inflammatory pathological processes was 76.7%. It was shown that the incidence of Candida carriage – 51.7% – slightly exceeded the frequency of detection of the active form of infection – 48.3%. The species spectrum of pathogens included: C. albicans (57.1%), C. krusei (12.6%), C. glabrata (19.5%) and Candida spp. (16.1%). In the case of active form of infection, C. albicans was prevalent – 64 (76.2%) cases. In the case of Candida carriage, other species were prevalent – 58 (64.4%) cases. The most effective drug against all isolates was amphotericin B – more than 87% of isolates were susceptible. The least effective drug was nystatin: less than 60% of isolates were susceptible. There is a rather high level of resistance to certain antimycotic drugs among the Candida species, which requires a prior preliminary study of the susceptibility of isolated strains to antimycotics for the purpose of choosing a rational and effective treatment scheme.
Highlights
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common pathological processes in the structure of inflammatory diseases of female genital organs
Of all the VCC cases, 80–90% are caused by C. albicans, and a minority are caused by C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis (Qin et al, 2018)
By the analysis of the obtained data it was established that the incidence of Candida carriage (56.3%) exceeds the frequency of detection of active Candida infection (43.7%)
Summary
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common pathological processes in the structure of inflammatory diseases of female genital organs. It is known that among the infections of the lower reproductive system up to 50% of cases of lesions are caused by Candida (Richter et al, 2005; Rathod et al, 2012). In recent years there has been a tendency towards an increase of the number of relapses of this disease, in connection with which the analysis of causes, the development of diagnostic methods and the search for effective therapies for vaginal candidiasis has not lost its relevance (Diba et al, 2012; Sobel, 2016). Vulvovaginal candidiasis, as a disease caused by opportunistic pathogens, usually occurs when the human immune mechanisms are affected by disorders, for example, it occurs in women during pregnancy. Among the factors that lead to the development of candidiasis, experts highlight: obesity, wearing tight clothing, non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, hot climate etc. (Richter et al, 2005)
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