Abstract
Vacuolization as a marker of microbial activity on cells is a well-known reaction. The phenomenon involves the formation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of target cells followed by lysis, especially after the action of different cytotoxins. In this review we summarize data on microbial toxic products causing vacuolization of target cells in the light of recent publications, on the basis of the widely described VacA cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori.
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