Abstract
In germinating seeds, vacuole provides the beginning of cell elongation in embryo organs. Three patterns of vacuole biogenesis are demonstrated during seed imbibition, namely preservation of vacuoles formed earlier at seed maturation; restoration from protein-storage vacuole; de novo formation from provacuoles in endoplasmic reticulum.
Highlights
Vacuole is a cell organelle presenting only in plants, being a structural component distinguishing a plant cell from an animal cell
The growth period of which is short, vacuoles of dry seeds are represented by protein storage vacuoles filled during seed maturation with reserve proteins
At initiation of cell elongation, large vacuoles occupy the central position in embryo cells pushing cytoplasm to cell periphery that permits the plant cell to maintain a rather large cell volume on the case of relatively small cytoplasm contents
Summary
Vacuole is a cell organelle presenting only in plants, being a structural component distinguishing a plant cell from an animal cell. Vacuole represents a cavity inside the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane (tonoplast) and filled with water and some dissolved substances. Their existence in plant cells is directly due to the immobile way of plant living and the necessity to compensate immobility by increasing cell length and surfacein order to enlarge their contacts with soil water and mineral elements (roots) and light (leaves). The contents of vacuole changes, in young cells they contain mainly osmotic substances and enzymes, whereas in old cells they are transformed to storage vacuoles containing reserve proteins or to the reservoirs containing various secondary compounds
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