Abstract
The development of a new generation of STI vaccines is forthcoming. Studies for the development of a syphilis vaccine are at preclinical stage, but they showed that a sterile immunity can be elicited. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the pathogen with more candidates, few of them at advanced stage of development. In particular, one therapeutic vaccine will likely enter in phase I study by the end of 2018. The first chlamydia vaccine, a recombinant chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) subunit candidate entered in human phase I clinical trials in 2016. Reverse vaccinology and the utilization of existing vaccines against another Neisseria species (group B meningococcal vaccine) are very promising in the discovery of vaccine candidates against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Novel therapeutic vaccines against HPV are in phases I and II. They are designed to treat patients after the appearance of HPV-related lesions and to prevent cancer development. Hundreds of vaccine candidates have been clinically tested as HIV-1 vaccines. The newly developed HIV vaccines are mainly based on viral vectors, in particular Adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26), poxvirus, CMV vectors. At least three promising trials (one phase 2b/3) are ongoing and results are expected to be available in the next 2–3 years.
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