Abstract
Cancer is a disorder wherein normal cells get transformed and lose control over cell division potential leading to tumor formation. Various factors are responsible for causing cancer. Out of all known cancers, almost 12% of them caused because of viruses. Seven viruses, namely Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) are associated with various types of cancers. This chapter provides an overview of types of cancer vaccines along with brief history, cancer causing viruses, and gives an idea regarding current research approaches towards oncoviral vaccine development. Currently, highly focused immunotherapeutic approaches against various cancers are monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, cytokine therapy, and vaccines. Other therapeutic approaches like engineered T-cells, adoptive cell therapy are at the initial stage. As of now, the FDA has approved vaccines against HBV and HPV which causes hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical carcinoma, respectively. Extensive research is in the process of developing innovative vaccine strategies for cancer caused by EBV, KSHV, and MCV.
Published Version
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