Abstract
The first vaccines were made from intact or weakened infectious agents. An improved understanding of the immune system has fostered the development of additional types of vaccines, which provide immunity without risk of infection. These newer types of vaccines can be helpful when immunizing special populations, such as newborns or geriatric patients, who may have weakened immune systems. Modern vaccines may also contain additional materials such as adjuvants, which enhance immunogenicity. Antibiotics and preservatives may be used to prevent contamination during manufacture or after distribution.
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