Abstract
To analyze fake news about immunobiologicals using as reference vaccine hesitancy in the World Health Organization's 3Cs model (confidence, complacency and convenience). This is an exploratory qualitative research that used content analysis to analyze fake news on three national news-checking sites. Twenty fake news related to immunobiologicals were analyzed, with 55% published in 2018 and 63% related to yellow fever vaccine. From analysis of results, two empirical categories have emerged: Immunobiologicals have a potential risk of death/sequel; Immunobiologicals are ineffective. Fake news have the potential to produce vaccine hesitancy based on the 3Cs model. Therefore, it is necessary to rethink communicative health practices that do not underestimate the asymmetries and inequities that characterize the unequal Brazilian society. Considering that nursing is the largest workforce in immunization rooms, there is a need for professionals' engagement as an active vehicle of truthful information in immunobiologicals for the population.
Highlights
Twenty fake news related to immunobiologicals were analyzed, with 55% published in 2018 and 63% related to yellow fever vaccine
Two empirical categories have emerged: Immunobiologicals have a potential risk of death/sequel; Immunobiologicals are ineffective
Fake news have the potential to produce vaccine hesitancy based on the 3Cs model
Summary
Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório(13) que utilizou Análise de Conteúdo(14). Para a investigação de possíveis fake news, foram utilizados 3 sites de checagem de notícias nacionais: www.boatos. Os sites recebem pedidos de usuários brasileiros para avaliar a veracidade de fatos descritos em notícias, sendo a página do Ministério da Saúde especialmente relacionada a temáticas de saúde. Os sites têm como objetivo desmistificar informações circulantes e combater as fake news, integrando as principais agências especializadas em checagem de fatos ativas no país, de grande relevância nacional(15). O amplo acesso, relevância e reconhecimento nacional dos sites foram motivos para a sua escolha como consulta neste trabalho. As notícias localizadas foram publicadas em diferentes anos, a partir de 2010 até o ano de coleta, 2019
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