Abstract
Before the development of the first vaccine, infectious diseases were a major cause of death around the globe with life expectancy estimated to be <50 years. Three measures have helped to drastically reduce the burden of infectious diseases but only vaccines have proven to be able to eradicate infectious agents. Herein, we describe new methodologies that have paved the way for what is currently known as modern vaccinology and the use of vaccines to tackle antimicrobial resistance, the biggest global threat of our time.
Highlights
Infectious diseases have always had a devastating impact on humankind
Despite the fact that antibiotics and vaccines are pivotal interventions against infectious diseases, vaccination has been the sole intervention capable of eradicating an infectious agent and, given its potential, it can be considered as the most appropriate solution against future global threats represented by infectious diseases [18,19,20]
Empirical approaches like attenuation and inactivation of microorganisms were the first steps forward to modern vaccinology [22]. New technologies such as glycoconjugates and the introduction of novel vaccine adjuvants changed the field of vaccines, the biggest change came with the first sequencing of the Heamophilus influenzae whole genome in 1995, a discovery that allowed the birth of “Reverse Vaccinology,” a genome-based approach to vaccine development [23, 24]
Summary
Before the development of the first vaccine, infectious diseases were a major cause of death around the globe with life expectancy estimated to be
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