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Abstract
The United Kingdom and United States have recently experienced large outbreaks of mumps, which raises concerns about vaccine effectiveness. The effectiveness of the mumps component of the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine was estimated using the screening method. In England from January 2004 through March 2005, 312 cases of mumps were reported in children eligible to have received 2 doses of MMR vaccine. Of these children, 52 (16.7%) had received 1 dose of MMR vaccine, and 97 (31.1%) had received 2 doses. Vaccine effectiveness was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83%-91%) for 1 dose and 95% (95% CI 93%-96%) for 2 doses. The effectiveness of 1 dose declined from 96% (95% CI 81%-99%) in 2-year-olds to 66% (95% CI 30%-83%) in 11- to 12-year-olds, and the effectiveness of 2 doses declined from 99% (95% CI 97%-99.5%) in 5- to 6-year-olds to 86% (95% CI 74%-93%) in 11- to 12-year-olds (p<0.001 for 1 or 2 doses). Waning immunity may contribute to mumps outbreaks in older vaccinated populations.
Highlights
The United Kingdom and United States have recently experienced large outbreaks of mumps, which raises concerns about vaccine effectiveness
During 2005–2006, a large outbreak of mumps involving >2,500 possible cases from 11 states was reported in the United States [7]
Vaccine Effectiveness We found 312 confirmed cases of mumps that were eligible for inclusion
Summary
The United Kingdom and United States have recently experienced large outbreaks of mumps, which raises concerns about vaccine effectiveness. In England from January 2004 through March 2005, 312 cases of mumps were reported in children eligible to have received 2 doses of MMR vaccine. Of these children, 52 (16.7%) had received 1 dose of MMR vaccine, and 97 (31.1%) had received 2 doses. In October 1988, immunization against mumps was introduced in the United Kingdom as a single dose of measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine offered to all children 12–15 months of age [1]. The reemergence of mumps in countries that had high levels of vaccine coverage for many years raises questions about the effectiveness of the mumps component of the MMR vaccine and the possible contribution of waning immunity
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