Vaccination in Diabetes: Updated Guidelines for 2024

Abstract

Diabetes presents a significant public health challenge globally, with India emerging as a hotspot for the disease burden. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas 2021 highlights India with 1 in 7 adults affected with diabetes. Given the heightened susceptibility of individuals with diabetes to vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccination has become indispensable in comprehensive diabetes management. Major vaccines against influenza, pneumonia, hepatitis, shingles, varicella, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis infections are important for individuals living with diabetes. Despite strides in pediatric vaccination coverage through initiatives like the Universal Immunization Program (UIP), adult vaccination rates remain suboptimal in India. Vaccine hesitancy, compounded by factors such as inadequate education, affordability concerns, and accessibility issues, disproportionately affects this population. Even though there are multiple organizations recommending vaccination in adults, guidelines specific to the Indian population with diabetes are still lacking. This paper is an attempt to suggest the use of vaccines for people with diabetes in India. By advocating for increased awareness and accessibility to vaccines, healthcare providers can play a pivotal role in safeguarding the health of this vulnerable population. As the global community continues to combat diabetes and vaccine hesitancy, collaborative efforts are essential to ensure equitable access to life-saving vaccines and promote optimal health outcomes. This review examines the evolving landscape of vaccination in India, particularly focusing on adults with diabetes.