Abstract
In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Global Vaccine Action Plan with the objective to promote essential vaccinations in all countries and achieve at least 90% vaccination coverage for all routine vaccines by 2020. The study assessed the mean percentages of vaccination coverage in 2019 for 13 routine vaccines, vaccination coverage variation from 2015 to 2019, and herd immunity levels against measles and pertussis in 2019 in countries and regions of WHO. In 2019, the mean percentages of vaccination coverage were lower than 90% for 10 (78.9%) routine vaccines. The mean percentages of vaccination coverage also decreased from 2015 to 2019 for six (46.2%) routine vaccines. The prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced measles immunity in the target measles vaccination population was 88.1%, and the prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced pertussis immunity in the target pertussis vaccination population was 81.1%. Herd immunity against measles viruses with Ro = 18 was established in 63 (32.5%) countries but not established in any region. Herd immunity against pertussis agents was not established in any country and in any region of WHO. National immunization programs must be improved to achieve ≥90% vaccination coverage in all countries and regions. Likewise, it is necessary to achieve ≥95% vaccination coverage with two doses of measles vaccines and three doses of pertussis vaccines in all countries and regions.
Highlights
In 1974, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Program on Immunization with the objective to promote essential vaccinations in all countries of the world [1]
The worst situation was found in the African, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific regions, where the mean percentages of vaccination coverage were lower than 90% for more than 90% of routine vaccines
In the European, South-East Asia, and American regions, the mean percentages of vaccination coverage were lower than 90% for 15.4%, 30%, and 61.5% of routine vaccines, respectively
Summary
In 1974, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Program on Immunization with the objective to promote essential vaccinations in all countries of the world [1]. Since 2014, the hepatitis B vaccine, the Haemophilus imfluenzae vaccine, the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine, and the rotavirus vaccine have been included in the Expanded Program on Immunization [2]. In 2012, WHO proposed the Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011–2020 [2], with the following objectives: (1) achieve a world free of poliomyelitis; (2) meet vaccination coverage objectives in every region, country, and community; (3) reduce child mortality; (4) meet global and regional elimination objectives; and (5) develop and introduce new and improved vaccines. The Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) was approved by the World Health Assembly to achieve the Decade of Vaccines vision by delivering universal access to immunization [2]. The mission outlined in the GVAP is to improve health by extending by 2020 and beyond the full benefits of immunization to all people, regardless of where they are born, who they are, or where they live
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