Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the range of experiences and attitudes of Croatian medical doctors (MDs) related to vaccination and vaccine hesitancy. In January 2021 three asynchronous online focus groups were held using MRQual, a web-based platform, which included 46 MDs from all three levels of the healthcare system in Croatia. NVivo, a qualitative data analysis software package, was used for the thematic analysis of collected data. The participants expressed a high level of support for the Croatian immunization program and vaccines in general. However, some skepticism was expressed regarding new vaccines and the regulatory processes of their approval. A significant number of participants raised concerns over the approval of COVID-19 vaccines, especially given their rapid development. The results also revealed that the process of communication with patients is often based on the very elaborate categorizations of patients based on previous experience, which leads to prioritizing and a communication breakup when dealing with “problematic patients”. MDs find themselves in a delicate situation where a fine balance between time-consuming communication with patients and the demands for maintaining satisfying vaccination uptake is needed. The situation arises from a social roles conflict that is embedded in wider social values and expectations, since communication problems do not arise in the doctor’s office, and therefore cannot be solved without addressing the social forces that cause trust deficiencies. To achieve better immunization results public health leaders need to better understand the social contexts and constraints of MDs vaccine-related behaviors.
Highlights
Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective health interventions and an important pillar of public health
A qualitative study is judged by the novel insights that it brings to the surface
This study brought about some important insights into the vaccination attitudes and experiences of medical doctors and their views about communication encounters with patients, which have not been thoroughly studied previously
Summary
Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective health interventions and an important pillar of public health. Program (MIP) is a mandatory prevention program introduced in 1948 [2], based on the recommendations provided by the Croatian Institute of Public Health [3]. All mandatory vaccinations are offered free of charge and administered by pediatricians practicing at the primary level of healthcare (for pre-school children) and school medicine specialists within county public health institutes (for school-aged children) [4]. In addition to the mandatory vaccinations in Croatia, there is a possibility to get vaccinated against diseases according to the epidemiological indications [6,7]. According to the law on the protection of the population from infectious diseases in Croatia, the vaccinators are medical doctors (MDs) while other healthcare workers (HCWs) can serve as vaccinators only if they are supervised by MDs [8]. According to the Vaccination Report of the Croatian Institute of Public Health, the proportion of the total
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